介绍
转账一共分为以下几步：
- 查询发送地址的
utxo - 创建交易
- 签名交易
- 发送交易
首先我们要从地址A给地址B转比特币，
地址A
bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr
地址B
bcrt1qp9gq52muvdzdmlhdd9xtg22vz7rfd033zewz4v
PS：这里为比特币私链地址
发送方地址要是在本钱包创建的地址，如果不是，就要导入到钱包中。
导入地址
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 importaddress bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr "test label" true
导入私钥
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 importprivkey cU8Q2jGeX3GNKNa5etiC8mgEgFSeVUTRQfWE2ZCzszyqYNK4Mepy "test label" true
进行转账
查询发送地址的UTXO
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 listunspent 6 9999999 '["bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr"]'
PS：6为查询的最近区块，9999999为最远区块，因为比特币网络的确认区块数为6，查询的区块号与最新区块号的距离要大于6个区块才能算作被确认的区块。上面的地址即为发送方地址，发送方地址要是在本钱包创建的地址，如果不是，就要导入到钱包中。
返回信息
[
{
"txid": "cd76be7e039384750e88acfb3c3a51d9b25b51252aa3c266663a6cac642373f4",
"vout": 0,
"address": "bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr",
"label": "",
"scriptPubKey": "0014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f",
"amount": 50.00000000,
"confirmations": 149,
"spendable": true,
"solvable": true,
"desc": "wpkh([df77b868/0'/0'/0']0366adfb9c537c67710e5f38b1e0d186daad0c020c8adaa21c259bcaa242fdb176)#clkfw4rc",
"safe": true
},
...
]
选择一个余额大于转账金额的，因为还要考虑矿工费。选择一个utxo后要用到txid、vout和amount。
创建交易
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 createrawtransaction '''[{"txid":"cd76be7e039384750e88acfb3c3a51d9b25b51252aa3c266663a6cac642373f4","vout" : 0}]''' '''[{"bcrt1qp9gq52muvdzdmlhdd9xtg22vz7rfd033zewz4v": 10.0 },{"bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr": 39.99999 }]'''
这里的txid和vout为上一步查询的utxo中的txid和vout，后面分为两组地址和金额，一个是接收方地址和转账金额，另一个是找零地址和金额，这里两部分金额加起来是49.99999，比上一步得到的amount 50.000000少的0.00001即为预留的矿工费。
返回如下
0200000001f4732364ac6c3a6666c2a32a25515bb2d9513a3cfbac880e758493037ebe76cd0000000000ffffffff0200ca9a3b0000000016001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31f0006bee00000000160014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f00000000
签名交易
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 signrawtransactionwithwallet 0200000001f4732364ac6c3a6666c2a32a25515bb2d9513a3cfbac880e758493037ebe76cd0000000000ffffffff0200ca9a3b0000000016001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31f0006bee00000000160014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f00000000
signrawtransactionwithwallet后面就是上一笔创建交易得到的。
返回如下
{
"hex": "02000000000101f4732364ac6c3a6666c2a32a25515bb2d9513a3cfbac880e758493037ebe76cd0000000000ffffffff0200ca9a3b0000000016001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31f0006bee00000000160014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f0247304402202401e626f7f00f4e2cc3e5a11f846c05cc319c48f2c76dd570cf7cd72dbd7d350220352a8e524a7cfa0e9da2e5f3a24e7d9dc554e8bc545f24d058e4009622c394ea01210366adfb9c537c67710e5f38b1e0d186daad0c020c8adaa21c259bcaa242fdb17600000000",
"complete": true
}
这里的hex用于后面发送交易。
发送交易
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 sendrawtransaction 02000000000101f4732364ac6c3a6666c2a32a25515bb2d9513a3cfbac880e758493037ebe76cd0000000000ffffffff0200ca9a3b0000000016001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31f0006bee00000000160014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f0247304402202401e626f7f00f4e2cc3e5a11f846c05cc319c48f2c76dd570cf7cd72dbd7d350220352a8e524a7cfa0e9da2e5f3a24e7d9dc554e8bc545f24d058e4009622c394ea01210366adfb9c537c67710e5f38b1e0d186daad0c020c8adaa21c259bcaa242fdb17600000000
这里用到了上一步签名交易得到的hex。
返回如下
0648acd662854e0bb6f231ccc8888207c1318e3f2b67fd2bb09f580d028c511e
返回为交易的txid。
查询交易
可以查询交易的信息
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 gettransaction 0648acd662854e0bb6f231ccc8888207c1318e3f2b67fd2bb09f580d028c511e
返回如下
{
"amount": 0.00000000,
"fee": -0.00010000,
"confirmations": 0,
"trusted": true,
"txid": "0648acd662854e0bb6f231ccc8888207c1318e3f2b67fd2bb09f580d028c511e",
"walletconflicts": [
],
"time": 1574932189,
"timereceived": 1574932189,
"bip125-replaceable": "no",
"details": [
{
"address": "bcrt1qp9gq52muvdzdmlhdd9xtg22vz7rfd033zewz4v",
"category": "send",
"amount": -10.00000000,
"label": "",
"vout": 0,
"fee": -0.00010000,
"abandoned": false
},
{
"address": "bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr",
"category": "send",
"amount": -39.99990000,
"label": "",
"vout": 1,
"fee": -0.00010000,
"abandoned": false
},
{
"address": "bcrt1qp9gq52muvdzdmlhdd9xtg22vz7rfd033zewz4v",
"category": "receive",
"amount": 10.00000000,
"label": "",
"vout": 0
},
{
"address": "bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr",
"category": "receive",
"amount": 39.99990000,
"label": "",
"vout": 1
}
],
"hex": "02000000000101f4732364ac6c3a6666c2a32a25515bb2d9513a3cfbac880e758493037ebe76cd0000000000ffffffff0200ca9a3b0000000016001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31f0006bee00000000160014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f0247304402202401e626f7f00f4e2cc3e5a11f846c05cc319c48f2c76dd570cf7cd72dbd7d350220352a8e524a7cfa0e9da2e5f3a24e7d9dc554e8bc545f24d058e4009622c394ea01210366adfb9c537c67710e5f38b1e0d186daad0c020c8adaa21c259bcaa242fdb17600000000"
}
这里的confirmations为0表示交易未被矿工打包，-1表示交易失败。
gettransaction 只能查询本钱包的交易，要查询其他交易要用getrawtransaction。
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 getrawtransaction 0648acd662854e0bb6f231ccc8888207c1318e3f2b67fd2bb09f580d028c511e
需要注意，要查询非本钱包的交易，即链上的其他交易，要在启动节点是开启txindex和reindex，开启方法见https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22157427/article/details/103295657
返回如下
02000000000101f4732364ac6c3a6666c2a32a25515bb2d9513a3cfbac880e758493037ebe76cd0000000000ffffffff0200ca9a3b0000000016001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31f0006bee00000000160014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f0247304402202401e626f7f00f4e2cc3e5a11f846c05cc319c48f2c76dd570cf7cd72dbd7d350220352a8e524a7cfa0e9da2e5f3a24e7d9dc554e8bc545f24d058e4009622c394ea01210366adfb9c537c67710e5f38b1e0d186daad0c020c8adaa21c259bcaa242fdb17600000000
再用decoderawtransaction进行解码得到具体的交易信息。
./bitcoin-cli -rpcuser=btc -rpcpassword=btcbtc -rpcport=18443 decoderawtransaction 02000000000101f4732364ac6c3a6666c2a32a25515bb2d9513a3cfbac880e758493037ebe76cd0000000000ffffffff0200ca9a3b0000000016001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31f0006bee00000000160014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f0247304402202401e626f7f00f4e2cc3e5a11f846c05cc319c48f2c76dd570cf7cd72dbd7d350220352a8e524a7cfa0e9da2e5f3a24e7d9dc554e8bc545f24d058e4009622c394ea01210366adfb9c537c67710e5f38b1e0d186daad0c020c8adaa21c259bcaa242fdb17600000000
返回如下
{
"txid": "0648acd662854e0bb6f231ccc8888207c1318e3f2b67fd2bb09f580d028c511e",
"hash": "bd86e1d9357faa7a83707730120764d2d4db1d77a07dd538e9a1824fe4cb8940",
"version": 2,
"size": 222,
"vsize": 141,
"weight": 561,
"locktime": 0,
"vin": [
{
"txid": "cd76be7e039384750e88acfb3c3a51d9b25b51252aa3c266663a6cac642373f4",
"vout": 0,
"scriptSig": {
"asm": "",
"hex": ""
},
"txinwitness": [
"304402202401e626f7f00f4e2cc3e5a11f846c05cc319c48f2c76dd570cf7cd72dbd7d350220352a8e524a7cfa0e9da2e5f3a24e7d9dc554e8bc545f24d058e4009622c394ea01",
"0366adfb9c537c67710e5f38b1e0d186daad0c020c8adaa21c259bcaa242fdb176"
],
"sequence": 4294967295
}
],
"vout": [
{
"value": 10.00000000,
"n": 0,
"scriptPubKey": {
"asm": "0 09500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31",
"hex": "001409500a2b7c6344ddfeed694cb4294c178696be31",
"reqSigs": 1,
"type": "witness_v0_keyhash",
"addresses": [
"bcrt1qp9gq52muvdzdmlhdd9xtg22vz7rfd033zewz4v"
]
}
},
{
"value": 39.99990000,
"n": 1,
"scriptPubKey": {
"asm": "0 f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f",
"hex": "0014f654168823a3f295f36a2dca35b13897b51bb80f",
"reqSigs": 1,
"type": "witness_v0_keyhash",
"addresses": [
"bcrt1q7e2pdzpr50eftum29h9rtvfcj763hwq02jjlhr"
]
}
}
]
}
